RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Fund Performance in a Downside Context JF The Journal of Investing FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 50 OP 63 DO 10.3905/joi.2003.319544 VO 12 IS 2 A1 Mahendra Raj A1 Michael Forsyth A1 Ortenca Tomini YR 2003 UL https://pm-research.com/content/12/2/50.abstract AB A risk-adjusted performance measure that focuses on total return and shortfall deviation, or downside risk, provides several advantages: consistency with investor reasoning, easy interpretation, and simplicity of calculation. Other risk-adjusted measures share the common feature of returns received relative to risk taken, but they all differ in definition and measurement of risk, thus affecting the overall evaluation. This article compares the performance and rankings of U.S. closed-end and open-end funds, U.K. unit trusts, and emerging market trusts using the different performance measures. Examination of fund performance rankings according to the specific measure used shows that downside risk is a valuable concept in the risk-return framework, especially in high-risk markets.