RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Are Size, Value, and Momentum Related to Recession Risk? JF The Journal of Investing FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 83 OP 87 DO 10.3905/joi.2004.450760 VO 13 IS 4 A1 Bala G Arshanapalli A1 Edmond L D'Ouville A1 William B Nelson YR 2004 UL https://pm-research.com/content/13/4/83.abstract AB The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a good risk model should account for ever-changing macroeconomic risks. An increase in the time-varying variances of HML and UMD in response to an increased likelihood of a future downturn lends support to the inclusion of these risks in the formation of portfolios.