Institutional S&P 500 Index Mutual Funds as Financial Commodities

Abstract

Given their simplicity and presumed commodity-like nature, institutional S&P 500 Index mutual funds should be subject to active price competition, resulting in only nominal size-adjusted differences in expenses. This article finds a wide disparity among fund expense ratios and their corresponding characteristics and performance. Overall, the evidence suggests some price competition among institutional S&P 500 funds, but not to the extent that they may be considered financial commodities. One explanation for the existence of high-priced index funds is that they tend to require significantly lower minimum initial purchases. The data do not support the notion that institutional investors buy high-priced S&P 500 funds to access broader or lower-cost investment services from fund families, and the conclusion is that the market for institutional S&P 500 funds is not completely homogenous.